ICBC Credit : If you want an Assignment 4 credit, you need to exactly follow all of the directions and sign a declaration stating that you did. When to Begin: Complete this assignment well before your road test because you must give your work to a car instructor to see if any changes are needed. Time Required: To date, the fastest time reported for Assignment 4 was 5h:32min while the slowest time was 19h:07min. PART 1: Get a stopwatch to track the time you spend on this assignment. You will need to know the exact hours and minutes. PART 2: On sheets of 8.5" x 11" paper titled with your name and "Assignment 4", note your responses to the 22 blue Tasks that are listed farther down on this webpage (yellow Tasks are for car lessons). Most of the required Topics are in the manual (paper manual is easier to use), even if they are not in its index. If a Topic is not in the manual, use other fact sources. PART 3: Note the hours and minutes on your stopwatch, then send a blank email to the address at the top of this webpage. In the email's subject line, put your full name, "Assignment 4", your stopwatch time, and ">NV" if you took the classes in North Vancouver or ">R" if you took the classes in Richmond. PART 4: If you were directed (in an email) to do the Follow-up, attach your Follow-up work to the back of your Assignment 4 work and also attach a copy of the email that specified your Follow-up time. PART 5: If you were directed (in an email) to skip the Follow-up, attach a copy of the email that verifies this direction. PART 6: Hand in (don't email) your work during a car lesson. Do this well before your road test because if your work is incomplete, you will need time to improve it and resubmit it.   The 22 blue Tasks (with 102 Topics) were specified by ICBC. Task 1.1: Identify typical driving hazards and explain how each can affect one's driving behaviour. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > weather/environmental conditions 2 > road conditions 3 > driver attitudes 4 > vehicle conditions 5 > animals 6 > other road users 7 > unpredictable driving behaviours 8 > sources of driving errors Task 1.2: Explain factors that influence risk-taking behaviour. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > factors that affect driver risk perception (driver age, driver experience, driving environment) 2 > caution versus risk 3 > judging risk in various situations 4 > role of overconfidence and underconfidence in inaccurate risk perception Task 1.3: Explain the relationship between personal factors and one's ability to perceive risk. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > mental factors (self-esteem, aggression, frustration, impatience, feelings of power, overconfidence, awareness of consequences) 2 > physical factors 3 > role of self-control 4 > need for peer approval 5 > perception of other drivers 6 > driver experience Task 1.4: Identify three sources of impairment and describe how each of these influences driving behaviour. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > effects of drug and alcohol impairment 2 > effects of fatigue, illness, and mental stress 3 > consequences of impaired driving 4 > ways to avoid driving while impaired Task 1.5: Analyze the possible costs (to oneself and society) of taking driving risks. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > personal costs 2 > social costs 3 > financial costs 4 > health costs Task 1.6: Determine one's risk tolerance through analysis of personal tendencies to take risks. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > thinking for oneself 2 > role of self-control 3 > role of overconfidence/underconfidence 4 > identifying personal limits and abilities Task 1.7: Consistently demonstrate realistic risk-perception in driving behaviours. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > accurate risk perception 2 > quick and effective reaction times 3 > proactive versus reactive driving action 4 > expectations of other road-users 5 > consequences of not doing what other road users expect 6 > safe time margins to complete driving maneuvers   Task 2.1: Define one's personal values, beliefs, and motives related to driving and explain how each of these might affect driving behaviours. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > personal driving values and beliefs 2 > motives that influence driving 3 > driving as thrill-seeking 4 > how motives change under different circumstances 5 > how values, beliefs, and motives influence attitudes toward driving Task 2.2: Explain how one's driving may be influenced negatively or positively by at least four social factors. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > influence of advertising 2 > societal attitudes toward cars and driving 3 > influence of other people's driving habits 4 > peer pressure and driving Task 2.3: Consistently exhibit driving behaviours that are safe and courteous. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > overcoming negative motives 2 > driving courteously 3 > resisting negative influences   Task 3.1: Describe why drivers need to continue improving their driving behaviours throughout their lives. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > the driver as a lifelong learner 2 > factors that contribute to changes in driving skill 3 > changing motor vehicle technology 4 > changing driving standards and laws Task 3.2: Demonstrate an understanding of the complexity of the driving task by using self-correcting activities while driving. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > ongoing assessment of personal driving skills 2 > use of running commentary 3 > how feedback can help drivers improve their skills Task 3.3: Describe ways of sharing the road. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > cyclists 2 > pedestrians 3 > large and slow-moving vehicles 4 > animals 5 > emergency vehicles Task 3.4: Consistently demonstrate appropriate communications with other road-users. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > vehicle signals 2 > hand signals 3 > horn 4 > hazard lights 5 > eye-to-eye contact 6 > non-verbal communication Task 3.5: Describe ways to show leadership regarding safe driving practices. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > individual leadership skills 2 > ICBC's Road Sense program 3 > community and school road/driver safety programs Task 3.6: Identify environmental concerns in the use of motor vehicles. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > efficient driving behaviours 2 > disposal of car fluids and parts 3 > role of vehicle maintenance   Task 4.1: Identify key steps to take when involved in a motor vehicle crash or when arriving at the scene of a crash. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > minor crashes 2 > major crashes Task 4.2: Explain the meaning of all traffic control devices, signs, signals, and markings. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > signs 2 > signals 3 > markings Task 4.3: Explain the rationale for driving regulations using several examples. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > speed 2 > parking 3 > impairment 4 > safety restraints 5 > licensing requirements 6 > vehicle insuranc 7 > emergency vehicles Task 4.4: Explain the rules of the road concerned with traffic control persons, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and emergency vehicles. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > traffic control persons 2 > cyclists and pedestrians 3 > emergency vehicles 4 > motorcycles Task 4.5: Explain key legal regulations concerned with driving. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > B.C. licence classes and restrictions 2 > Graduated Licensing Program 3 > point system and fines 4 > Administrative Driving Prohibition and Vehicle Impoundment 5 > licence suspensions 6 > registered owner restrictions and responsibilities 7 > seat belt use 8 > regulations in other jurisdictions   Task 5.1: Define the three steps of safe driving and explain the reasons for these steps (“see-think-do”). In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > defensive driving 2 > collision avoidance Task 5.2: Consistently demonstrate correct observation skills. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > knowing where to observe (360 degree vision, distance scanning, blind spots, visual obstructions, limits of observation) 2 > knowing how to observe (shoulder checks, peripheral vision, mirrors) Task 5.3: Consistently interpret the driving situation appropriately. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > maintaining attention/alertness 2 > recognizing potential hazards accurately 3 > using decision-making skills to drive safely (anticipating what might happen, predicting possible solutions, prioritizing situations and solutions, making appropriate choices under pressure, identifying consequences) 4 > effects of impairment on decision-making 5 > role of personal motives on decision-making skills Task 5.4: Consistently take appropriate driving actions to minimize risk. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > choosing safe margins (front, rear, side) 2 > choosing safe driving speed 3 > braking and stopping safely 4 > emergency braking control (ABS and conventional characteristics) 5 > accelerating safely 6 > covering the brake and horn 7 > yielding if uncertain 8 > point of no return Task 5.5: Consistently use safety devices correctly. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > restraint systems (seat belts, head restraints, infant and child restraint systems) 2 > air bags and restrictions 3 > sun visors   Task 6.1: Explain the forces of physics, such as friction, and how they affect vehicle performance. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > vehicle traction 2 > vehicle weight shift/transfer 3 > vehicle balance 4 > speed versus time and stopping distances 5 > crash severity versus speed 6 > vulnerability of the human body to injury Task 6.2: Identify factors that often contribute to collision situations. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > common crash situations for new drivers 2 > critical crash factors for new drivers (high risk tolerance, faulty risk perception, level of driver skills) Task 6.3: Describe the role of traction in vehicle control. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > space management (front, rear, side) 2 > stopping distances 3 > braking distances 4 > following too closely 5 > point of no return 6 > skid patterns of front, rear, and four-wheel drive vehicles Task 6.4: Explain the role of friction in hazardous driving condition. In your response, include facts concerning these Topics: 1 > how road surfaces affect stopping 2 > seasonal changes on road surfaces 3 > tire types and conditions 4 > tire inflation 5 > speed for conditions Task 6.5: Consistently demonstrate the ability to alter one’s driving to accommodate hazardous driving conditions. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > speed control 2 > steering control 3 > speed versus stopping distances 4 > risk perception versus accurate knowledge of vehicle performance   Task 7.1: Conduct pre-trip checks. Before you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > exterior pre-checks 2 > interior pre-checks Task 7.2: Consistently demonstrate proper driving techniques. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > starting 2 > smooth acceleration 3 > smooth deceleration 4 > correct braking techniques 5 > smooth steering control 6 > steady speed control 7 > maintaining correct lane position Task 7.3: Consistently demonstrate proper vehicle control while changing direction. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > yielding 2 > crossing intersections 3 > merging 4 > changing lanes and passing 5 > maintaining correct lane tracking 6 > backing up Task 7.4: Consistently demonstrate proper right-of-way manoeuvres. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > stop signs 2 > two-way stops, four-way stops 3 > traffic circles 4 > yield signs 5 > controlled and uncontrolled intersections 6 > T-intersections 7 > malfunctioning traffic control devices 8 > emergency vehicles Task 7.5: Consistently demonstrate proper turns. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > left turns 2 > right turns 3 > reverse/three-point turns 4 > maintaining correct lane tracking Task 7.6: Consistently demonstrate proper parking techniques. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > stall parking (forward and reverse) 2 > hill parking (uphill and downhill) 3 > angle parking 4 > parallel parking 5 > shoulder-of-road parking Task 7.7: Demonstrate proper technique on highways. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > entering and exiting 2 > curves 3 > shoulders of road 4 > grade of road 5 > passing 6 > changing lanes 7 > night driving Task 7.8: Demonstrate proper technique on freeways. When you drive, demonstrate an understanding of these Topics: 1 > entering and exiting 2 > curves 3 > grade of road 4 > passing 5 > changing lanes 6 > night driving 7 > parking on shoulder of road 8 > emergency conditions